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Erzurum ((アルメニア語:Կարին ''Karin''))〔see other names〕 is a city in eastern Turkey. It is the largest city in and the eponymous capital of Erzurum Province. The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 361,235 in the 2000 census, increasing to 367,250 by 2010. Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, served as NATO's southeastern-most air force post during the Cold War. The city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif based on the double-headed Byzantine Eagle that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period. Erzurum has some of the finest winter sports facilities in Turkey and hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade. == Name and etymology == During Roman times Erzurum was named Theodosiopolis ((ラテン語:Theodosiopolis), ). It got its present name after its conquest by the Seljuks following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.〔 A neighboring commercial city named Artsn (Arcn, Artze, Arzan; Armenian: Արծն) was heavily sacked by the Seljuk Turks in 1048-49.〔Inalcik, Halil. "Erzurum". Encyclopedia of Islam. P. Bearman et al. (eds.) Leiden: Brill, 1965, vol. ii, p. 712.〕〔Garsoïan, Nina G. "Theodosioupolis". Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, vol. 3, p. 2054.〕 Its Armenian, Syrian, and other Christian inhabitants moved to Theodosiopolis, which they began calling "Artsn Rum" (meaning Arzan of the Romans) to distinguish it from their former residence.〔See Joseph Laurent's extensive note in his ''L’Arménie entre Byzance et l’Islam depuis la conquête arabe jusqu’en 886'', new edition revised and updated by Marius Canard, Lisbon: Librairie Bertrand, 1980, pp. 87-88, note 83.〕〔 Markwart, Joseph. ''Südarmenien und die Tigrisquellen nach griechischen und arabischen Geographen''. Vienna: Mechitharisten-Buchdruckerei, 1930, pp. 41, 334, 339.〕〔Hewsen. "Summit of the Earth", pp 42-44.〕 The city's Muslim inhabitants changed the name to Arzan ar-Rum and then Erzurum.〔〔 Darbinyan, M. «Էրզրում» () Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1978, vol. 4, p. 93.〕 After the Arab conquest of Armenia, the city was known to the Arabs as Kālīkalā (which was adopted from the original Armenian name Karno K'aghak' ((アルメニア語:Կարնո քաղաք)), meaning "Karin City", to distinguish it from the district of Karin (Կարին).〔 To the Georgians, the city was known as Karnu-Qalaqi (კარნუ-ქალაქი). Armenians still called it "Karin" or "Garin" during the modern period. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erzurum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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